population 1

Population
What is Population?
Where is the world’s population distributed
Where has the world’s population increased
Why is population increasing at different rates in different countries?
Why might the world face an overpopulation problem?

What is population?
The total number of inhabitants in a specified area.
Demography is the scientific study of population characteristics.
Population geography focuses on the spatial aspects of demography

Cartogram
Cartogram depicts the size of countries according to population rather than land area.

Where is the World Population Distributed

Two-thirds of the world’s inhabitants are clustered in four regions
East Asia
South Asia
Southeast Asia
Western Europe

Highest population concentration
East Asia
One-fifth of the world’s population live in East Asia.

South Asia
The Second largest population concentration
The capacity of the region to support its people have almost been exceeded
India,
Bangladesh,
Island of Sri Lanka
India is the second most populous country in the world
Southeast Asia
Indonesia (consist of 13,677 islands) is the fourth most populous country

Southeast Asia
The largest concentration is on the Island of Java (100million)
0nly 30% of the population reside in towns and cities
More than half of the world’s total population live here, but live on less than 10% of the earth’s land area

Europe
Total population is over 700million
Densed population extends from the British Isles into Russia, includes part of Germany, Poland, Ukraine and Belarus.
The population concentration reflects the orientation of its coal-fields.
Not closely related to terrain and environment
¾ of Europe’s inhabitants live in cities and less than 20% are farmers
Other Populous clusters

North America
Major cluster lies in the urban complex along the eastern seaboard
from Boston to Washington, which includes, New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore

Other Regions
About 2% of the world’s people live in West Africa
650 million cluster in west Africa
Half of West Africa’s population live in Nigeria (130million),
South America - 360 million

Sparsely populated Regions
Dry lands
Wetlands-too much precipitation( near the equator)
Cold lands- permafrost ( north and south pole)
Highlands (too steep), except in Africa and Latin America
Ex. Mexico city, one of the largest city is located at an elevation of 2,243 meters ( 7,360 feet)


Measurement of Population Density
Population Density
It is the measure of the number of people per unit area.
Help geographers to describe the distribution of people in comparison to resources

Arithmetic density
Physiologic density
Agricultural density


Arithmetic density
Is the measure of the number of people per unit area.
Ex total land area of US = 3,717,427 divided by 285.4 million in 2002= 77per square mile or 29.6 per square kilometer.
Uses
Compares the number of people trying to live on a given piece of land in different regions of the world.

Physiological density
USES
It provides insights into the relationship between the size of a population and the availability of resources in a region

Agricultural density
Agricultural density is the ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land.
Most developed country have low agricultural density.
Why?

Demography
Demography is the statistical study of human populations.
Demographic Change
Refers to a change in the age and structure of a population
Four conditions determine demographic changes
Birth (B)
Death (D)
Immigration (I)
Out migration (Om)
Original Population (op)
TP=OP+B-D+I-om
TP=total population
OP= Original population
Globally Natural Increase= Birth-Death
Locally= OP+B-D+I-om

Population change
Refers to whether the population number has decreased or increased
Measurement of Population change
Crude birth rate (CBR)
Crude death rate (CDR)
Natural Increase rate (NIR)

Crude Birth rate (CBR)
It is the total number of live birth in a year for every thousand people alive in the society.
Ex.A crude birth rate of 20 means that for every 1000 people in a country, 20 babies are born over a one-year period

Crude death rate
It is the total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 people alive in the society.

Natural Increase Rates

Doubling time
It is the number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.The rate of natural increase affect the doubling time.

How do you explain the differences in population growth rates?
Fertility
Total fertility rate is the average number of children a woman will have throughout her child bearing years ( roughly 15 through 49)

Mortality
Infant mortality and life expectancy are two important measures of mortality

Discussion
Why does the United States, with its extensive system of hospitals and physicians, have a higher crude death rate than Mexico and every country in central America?